در مورد روف گاردن چه میدانید؟ چه مزایایی دارد؟ چگونه طراحی و اجرا میشود؟ برای اجرای آن، ساختمان باید چه شرایطی داشته باشد؟ در ادامه با ما همراه باشید تا در مورد این روش بیشتر بدانید.
همانطور که میدانید، در دنیای مدرن امروز فضای باز و سبز کمتر در خانههای ما دیده میشود. بیشتر به خاطر زندگی آپارتمان نشینی از نعمت فضای سبز و حیاط محرومیم. روف گاردن تکنولوژی جدید و مدرنی است که امروزه میتواند روی پشت بامها و تراسهای خانههای آپارتمانی اجرا شود و حیاط های زیبای قدیمی را روی پشت بام خانهها بیاورد. شما میتوانید از این ایده جدید و کاربردی فضای سبز زیبایی را روی پشت بام منزل خود ایجاد کنید.
روف گاردن چیست؟
روف گاردن یکی از تکنولوژیهای نوظهوری است که در دنیای معماری و ساختمان سازی پا به عرصه نهاده و در حین پیاده سازی آن با استفاده از گلها و گیاهان، بر روی پشت بام خانهها و تراسها فضای زیبایی را اجرا میکنند.
مزایای ایجاد روف گاردن
زیبایی بنا و حال خوب و استراحت در چشم اندازی زیبا و طبیعی، مهمترین عواملی هستند که در جای خالی حیاط های قدیمی اهمیت ایجاد روف گاردن را اثبات میکنند. در واقع اگر خانه خود را به این بامهای سبز مجهز کنید در فصل گرم سال میتوانید به راحتی به جای رفتن به این پارک و آن پارک با خانواده خود در خانه به تفریح و استراحت بپردازید. خنک سازی، تمیزکردن هوا و صرفه جویی در مصرف انرژی از دیگر مزایای ساخت بام سبز است. در ادامه به متداولترین سوالات پیرامون اجرای بام سبز میپردازیم:
آیا روف گاردن نیاز به نگهداری دارد؟
نگهداری باغ یا همان روف گاردن بسیار مهم است. گاهی مهمترین موانع ایجاد آن محسوب میشود، لذا حتما قبل از اجرای آن به برنامه نگهداری آن فکر کنید.
عمق کاشت گیاهان در اجرای روف گاردن چقدر میتواند باشد؟
گیاهان برای رشد حداقل به ۵۰ سانتی متر عمق نیاز دارند. ضخامت بام سبز یا همان roof garden میبایست حداقل 3 تا 5/2 اینچ محیط برای رشد داشته باشد. هر چه محیط کاشت بیشتر باشد پشت بام ساختمان وزن بیشتری را باید متحمل شود.
چه نوع خاکی مناسب استفاده برای این روش میباشد؟
انتخاب خاک مناسب یکی از مهمترین اصول روف گاردن است. خاکی که برای این روش استفاده میشود، وزن خیلی کمی باید داشته باشد. خاک باید جذب آب بالایی داشته باشد. همچنین غنی از کود برای تغذیه گیاه باشد.
آیا روی همه پشتبامها میتوان روف گاردن ایجاد کرد؟
حال که با اهمیت ساخت روف گاردن در آپارتمانها آشنا شدید، سوال اینجاست که آیا همه بامها مناسب اجرای روف گاردن هستند؟ پاسخ این است که خیر، اول باید سطح مقاومت ساختمان را بسنجید. اگر مقاومت و عایق سازی بام به نحوی باشد که بتوان در آن بام سبز اجرا کرد سپس به فکر هزینه کردن جهت اجرای آن باشید.
انواع روف گاردن
سه نوع روف گاردن داریم که به شرح زیر هستند:
- نوع گسترده
نوع گسترده کاشت گیاهان با ریشههای کم انجام میشود. بستر کاشت بسیار کم و سطحی و ضخامت خاک باید حداکثر ۲۰ سانتی متر باشد.
- نوع نیمه متمرکز
این نوع کاشت شامل کشت گیاهان با حجم ریشه بیشتر دارای عمق بستر کشت بالای 30 سانتی متر تا 1 متر است. در این نوع، گیاهان بوتهای مانند توت فرنگی و گیاهان دارویی مانند پونه و اسطوخودوس و همچنین چمن قابل کشت هستند. منتهی باید در طراحی روف گاردن وزن ایجاد شده مدنظر قرار گیرد.
- نوع متمرکز
در این نوع، حجم و ارتفاع خاک زیاد است. این نوع، از موارد قبلی گرانتر است و تنها ساختمانهای بزرگ از پس هزینههای آن برمیآیند. انواع درختان، گیاهان زینتی و گلها کاشته میشود. این نوع روی پشت بام ساختمانهای بزرگ و گسترده با مسیرهایی برای قدم زدن و نیمکتهایی برای استراحت در آن طراحی و ساخته میشود.
ایزولاسیون روف گاردن به چه معناست؟
یکی از مهمترین بخشهایی که در ساخت روف گاردن به کار میرود ایزولاسیون میباشد. ایزولاسیون در واقع عایق مناسبی است که از عبور آب به فضای زیر جلوگیری میکند. این مرحله باید با دقت و به درستی انجام شود.در نورپردازی روف گاردن به چه نکاتی باید توجه کرد؟
طراحی نورپردازی از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. شما میتوانید با طراحی مدرن به فضای باغچهای که روی پشت بام ایجاد کردید، عمق و روح دهید. نکته مهم این است که هنگام شب نورپردازی مناسب باعث تشخیص آسان راههای ورودی و خروجی میشود. همچنین میتوانید فضایی احساسی و صمیمی را با نورپردازی کم شدت و لطیفی در قسمت بالای دیوارها و یا پایین درختها طراحی کنید.
مراحل زیرسازی این روش به ترتیب زیر میباشد:
- اولین مرحله کفسازی و شیب بندی با توجه به محل قرار گرفتن کف شورها است، به طوری که کمترین وزن به سقف متحمل شود.
- مرحله دوم اجرای لایه ضد ریشه به صورت پرایمر اپوکسیهای چند جزئی میباشد.
- مرحله سوم اجرای لایه محافظ است که از جمع شدن آب در کف سازه جلوگیری میکند و همچنین اجرای آب بندی دیوارهها میباشد تا آب از دیوارهها به طبقات پایین نشت نکند.
- برای طراحی و ساخت روف گاردن بعد از اجرای ایزولاسیون و زیرسازی مناسب، پشت بام و خروجی آب آن برای کاشت گل و گیاهان آماده میشود. نکته مهم صرفا به خاطر این که جسم تیزی به ایزولاسیون برخورد نکند این است که روی ایزولاسیون پشت بام را با یک لایه ملات ماسه سیمان و موزائیک بپوشانید.
- بعد از اجرای ایزولاسیون و شیب بندی، نوبت به اجرای شبکهبندی آهن جهت اجرای آلاچیق میباشد. مبحثی که اهمیت زیادی در زیرسازی روف گاردن دارد شبکهبندی آهن است.
- اجرای شبکه آهن به صورت مربعی است که ابعاد آن با توجه به نوع طراحی ۳۰ الی ۴۰سانتی متر میباشد. ارتفاع شبکه از کف پشت بام ۱۵ الی ۳۵ سانتی متر باید باشد. این ارتفاع برای عبور لولههای برق، آب، گاز و همچنین آب باران است.
- مرحله هفتم کاشت مناسب روف گاردن است. اهمیت طرح کاشت در فضای حساسی مانند پشت بام بسیار بالا است. باد شدید، گرمای شدید تابستان و سرمای شدید زمستان، همگی شرایطی است که برای گیاهان بسیار خطرناک است. بخاطر این شرایط، انتخاب گیاه مناسب برای این روش خیلی حایز اهمیت است.
- مرحله آخر، سازه فلزی با ورق پانچ میباشد که به شبکه آهنی زیرین مرتبط است. بعضی از قسمتها جوشکاری میشود و در قسمتهای دیگر هم آلاچیق، باربیکیو و … طبق نقشه از قبل طراحی شده قرار میگیرند. چمن کاری روی ورق پانچ انجام میشود.
خلاصه
روف گاردن ، بام سبز یا فضای سبز پشت بام به مکانی گفته میشود که فضای سبز در ارتفاع ساخته شده باشد. روشهای مختلفی برای ایجاد بام سبز یا همان Roof Garden وجود دارد، سه نوع اصلی روش گسترده، نیمه متمرکز و متمرکز وجود دارد که در این مطلب به توضیح آنها پرداختیم. برای اطلاعات بیشتر درباره اجرای بام سبز با شمارههای موجود در سایت تماس بگیرید.
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